Expedition Ships:
These ships were built with tourists and true exploration in mind; they range from simple to comfortable, but are not luxurious. Most have shallow drafts and ice-hardened hulls to push through sea ice. They feature Zodiacs for exploration and shore landings. Onboard programs are educational with a focus on natural and cultural history.

Luxury Expedition Ships:
These ships are expedition ships with 5-star amenities and service. Most programs are "softer" and they focus more on the onboard experience than the off-board exploring. Most have shallow drafts and ice-hardened hulls. Many use Zodiacs for exploration, but not all. Onboard programs are educational with a focus on natural and cultural history.

Russian Research Vessels:
These ships were built for scientific research. They hold no more than 50 passengers, and have ice-strengthened hulls. Cabins are simple -- comfortable, but not fancy, onboard service is friendly and casual. These ships often offer more activity and attract a slightly younger client. They feel more like a private expedition than a cruise.

Icebreakers:
An icebreaker is specifically designed for breaking through sea ice. These ships were "working" vessels prior to taking on passengers. Travel to remote Polar Regions such as the North Pole or the Far Antarctic South to visit emperor penguin rookeries requires an icebreaker. Icebreaker programs generally focus on natural history and culture, and have on-board educational programs.

Small Ships:
Small ships is similar to an expedition ship in style, but are not designed for extremely remote or prolonged open-ocean cruising. These ships carry 30 to 70 passengers, the cabins small and cozy, and the overall experience is casual, personal, exploration. Most use tenders or Zodiacs to go ashore, and many of them carry sea kayaks.

Motor Yachts:
These ships tend to hold no more than 30 passengers. Always comfortable and often luxurious, motor yachts are perfect for family and small group charters. Many have sea kayaks and sometimes 1-2 Zodiacs. There is usually one guide/naturalist/expedition leader, a captain, cook and a deck hand onboard.

Sailing Vessels:
A sailing vessel is any boat that has the ability to travel under sail. In many regions such as the Galapagos, sailing vessels typically use a combination of sail and motor power to ensure sufficient distances are traveled. You should always check with a tour operator to find out what percentage of the time is usually spent actually sailing.

River Boats:
These are smaller vessels designed specifically for river cruising. Styles vary depending on the region. They are not designed for open ocean travel and generally reflect local culture and style. Some examples are Amazon River boats and luxury Nile cruisers.

Dive Boats:
A dive boat is a live-aboard vessel that is consistently used for diving and is equipped with scuba diving equipment. The main focus of these ships, are diving trips and they are under 20 passengers.